If a species is not footnoted with a number (1-18), then the specific gravity for that species has not been verified by Wagner. In most cases, with unverified species, these species have the same botanical name as the verified version but just a different common name. Many species (botanical name) in the world have many different common names. The footnote descriptions are shown at the bottom of the page.*

Wood Species Types in Alphabetical Order

To obtain the most accurate moisture content measurements with your Wagner moisture meter, you must set the meter for the correct species settings value for the species you are going to measure. For our customers' convenience, we have calibrated our meter's species settings in terms of specific gravity.*

For those instances where you need to measure moisture in a wood species that is not shown in your User’s Manual, Wagner has compiled this extensive database of wood species with their associated specific gravity values.

The sources for our database include the United States Department of Agriculture, Forest Products Laboratory.

The published specific gravity values are the average for each species. There can and will be some variability of the specific gravity (density) within any species of wood, but the average specific gravity value (again, from the most valid published sources) will provide the best settings for your Wagner moisture meter.

Common NameBotanical NameSpecific GravityVerified
Quercus alba0.68
Quercus bicolor0.72
Quercus coccinea0.67
Quercus macrocarpa0.64
Quercus michauxii0.67
Quercus palustris0.63
Quercus stellata0.67
Quercus velutina0.61
OakQuercus virginiana0.84
ObaIrvingia gabonensis0.76
Oba SulukShorea negrosensis0.594
ObahSyzygium buettnerianum0.73
Obas TreeChlorophora excelsa0.70
ObecheTriplochiton scleroxylon0.322
Triplochiton scleroxylon0.32
Triplochiton scleroxylon0.32
ObiMitragyna stipulosa0.53
Eucalyptus obliqua0.68
OboMitragyna ciliata0.52
ObolMitragyna stipulosa0.53
ObotoMammea africana0.69
ObulMitragyna stipulosa0.53
Hura crepitans0.40
Hura crepitans0.40
OcotePinus caribaea0.70
Liquidambar styraciflua0.52
OdakumMorus mesozygia0.71
OdanPiptadeniastrum africanum0.63
OdanePiptadeniastrum africanum0.63
OdannanPiptadeniastrum africanum0.63
OdanwomaPiptadeniastrum africanum0.63
OdjiChlorophora excelsa0.70
OdoMansonia altissima0.55
OdodmaMorus mesozygia0.71
OdodoMansonia altissima0.55
OdoumChlorophora excelsa0.70
OdoumChlorophora regia0.59
OdumChlorophora excelsa0.70
OdumChlorophora regia0.59
Turraeanthus africanus0.51
OdunaChlorophora excelsa0.70
OdwemaMusanga cecropioides0.23
OdwemafufuoMusanga cecropioides0.23
OdzumaMusanga cecropioides0.23
OemanbarklakEschweilera sagotiana0.90
OempasKoompassia malaccensis0.76
Triplochiton scleroxylon0.32
Terminalia superba0.40
OfikaMusanga cecropioides0.23
Terminalia superba0.40
OfryioChlorophora excelsa0.70
OfunMansonia altissima0.55
OganganBridelia aubrevillei0.59
OgboinIrvingia gabonensis0.76
OgbouIrvingia gabonensis0.76
OgeaDaniella thurifera0.46
OgiovuAntiaris toxicaria0.35
OgohenMusanga cecropioides0.23
OgouwaMitragyna stipulosa0.53
OguiIrvingia gabonensis0.76
OgumalongaBombax brevicuspe0.35
Pometia pinnata0.60
OhezCinnamomum camphora0.38
OhnaraQuercus mongolica0.64
OhombeMitragyna ciliata0.52
OhombeMitragyna stipulosa0.53
Juglans cinerea0.38
Plathymenia reticulata0.56
OjambaMusanga cecropioides0.23
Terminalia superba0.40
Pometia pinnata0.60
OkecoPoga oleosa0.39
OkhuabaDrypetes gossweileri0.63
OkikopomLophira alata0.94
OkoaLophira alata0.94
OkogaLophira alata0.94
OkokaLophira alata0.94
OkolaTieghemella heckelii0.60
OkollaTieghemella heckelii0.60
OkopiStaudtia stipitata0.79
OkotjoHieronyma alchorneoides0.58
OkotjoHyeronyma laxiflora0.58
Okoume
Aucoumea klaineana
0.35
2
Triplochiton scleroxylon0.32
Triplochiton scleroxylon0.32
OkpohaTerminalia ivorensis0.54
OkumMorus mesozygia0.71
OkutLophira alata0.94
OkwenBrachystegia laurentii0.57
Ol magogoBrachylaena hutchinsii0.85
Pinus taeda0.51
OlelongDrypetes gossweileri0.63
Hymenaea courbaril0.83
Hymenaea courbaril0.83
OliaChlorophora excelsa0.70
OligbomiduMammea africana0.69
Olea hochstetteri0.81
Olive AshFraxinus excelsior0.5814
Nyssa aquatica0.50
Olivier MangueTerminalia guyanensis0.60
Ol-KoijukPygeum africanum0.61
OlletoEschweilera sagotiana0.90
OlmoUlmus crassifolia0.62
OlogbomoduMammea africana0.69
Ol-OlPinus insularis0.50
Turraeanthus africanus0.51
OluaChlorophora excelsa0.70
OlwaaChlorophora excelsa0.70
OmbongIntsia bijuga0.65
OmenowaDiospyros ebenaster0.614
OmenowaDiospyros mindanaensis0.7814
OmoCordia platythyrsa0.39
OmpowAfzelia quanzensis0.62
OmumbaPygeum africanum0.61
OnhidgoTerminalia ivorensis0.54
OnidjoTerminalia ivorensis0.54
OnotilloLoxopterygium sagotii0.62
OnvruAfzelia quanzensis0.62
OnyoPoga oleosa0.39
OoMitragyna stipulosa0.53
OobotoMammea africana0.69
OodluBassia latifolia0.82
OpapeaTieghemella heckelii0.60
Opepe
Nauclea diderrichii
0.68
2
OpepeTieghemella heckelii0.60
OpepeaBridelia aubrevillei0.59
OpopaIrvingia gabonensis0.76
OpronoMansonia altissima0.55
Alnus rubra0.41
Oregon Ash
Fraxinus latifolia
0.551
Chamaecyparis lawsoniana0.43
Pseudotsuga menziesii0.48
Abies grandis0.37
Abies procera0.39
Acer macrophyllum0.48
Oregon MyrtleUmbellularia californica0.553
Oregon OakQuercus garryanna0.68
Pinus ponderosa0.40
Pseudotsuga menziesii0.48
Oregon White OakQuercus garryanna0.68
OrisKoordersiodendron pinnatum0.71
OrmeUlmus hollandica0.53
Astronium graveolens0.89
Astronium graveolens0.80
Platymiscium pinnatum0.87
OroAntiaris toxicaria0.35
OroIrvingia gabonensis0.76
OroMitragyna ciliata0.52
OroMusanga cecropioides0.23
OrocuranaHieronyma alchorneoides0.58
OrokoChlorophora excelsa0.70
OrokoChlorophora regia0.59
Oroko UlokoodigpeChlorophora excelsa0.70
OromotetPygeum africanum0.61
OropaIrvingia gabonensis0.76
OropaStaudtia stipitata0.79
OruraSickingia salvadorense0.65
Swietenia macrophylla0.47
OruraSwietenia mahagoni0.57
OsageMaclura pomifera0.72
Osage OrangeMaclura pomifera0.72
OsanAningeria altissima0.42
OsanAningeria dombeyi0.39
OsanAningeria robusta0.42
OsengeMusanga cecropioides0.23
OshoshiAfzelia quanzensis0.62
OssabelDacryodes le testui0.56
OsselMorus mesozygia0.71
OssieMorus mesozygia0.71
OssoupouMitragyna ciliata0.52
Pterocarpus soyauxii0.64
OteMusanga cecropioides0.23
OtengLophira alata0.94
Millettia laurentii0.81
Triplochiton scleroxylon0.32
Pinus strobus0.35
Pinus resinosa0.46
Pinus strobus0.35
OtugbaLophira alata0.94
OtumbiMusanga cecropioides0.23
Triplochiton scleroxylon0.32
Triplochiton scleroxylon0.32
OuhidjiTerminalia ivorensis0.54
OususExcoecaria agallocha0.42
OvangkolGuibourtia ehie0.714
OvbevbeMitragyna stipulosa0.53
Guibourtia ehie0.71
Overcup White OakQuercus lyrata
0.631
Hura crepitans0.40
OvogaPoga oleosa0.39
OvovoPoga oleosa0.39
Triplochiton scleroxylon0.32
Terminalia superba0.40
OweiveTerminalia ivorensis0.54
OweweTerminalia ivorensis0.54
Triplochiton scleroxylon0.32
OxitoEschweilera sagotiana0.9
Abies concolor0.39
OzigoDacryodes le testui0.56
Pterocarpus soyauxii0.64
OziyaDaniella thurifera0.46
OzobeLophira alata0.94

Footnotes:

1Forest Products Laboratory Wood Handbook @ 12% MC values
2Forest Products Laboratory Wood Handbook Calculated from Green MC values by Wagner
3Forest Products Laboratory Techsheets Calculated from Green MC values by Wagner
4WoodWorkersSource Wood Library Calculated from Green MC values by Wagner
5We included Douglas-fir(Pseudotsuga menziesii) Coast (.48)*, Interior West (.50)*, Interior North (.48)*, Interior South (.46)* to come up with an average SG of (.48)* *“Coast type Douglas-fir is defined as Douglas-fir growing in the States of Oregon and Washington west of the summit of the Cascade Mountains. Interior West includes the State of California and all counties in Oregon and Washington east of but adjacent to the Cascade summit. Interior North includes the remainder of Oregon and Washington and the States of Idaho, Montana, and Wyoming.” Specific Gravity resources: * Wood Handbook page 5-7
6According to USDA Forest Service, Forest Product Laboratory, Wood Handbook 2-8, Hard maple includes sugar maple (Acer saccharum) (.63)* and black maple (A. nigrum) (.57)*.
7According to USDA Forest Service, Forest Product Laboratory, Techsheets, Red Ash includes these three subspecies Fraxinus americana (.60)*, Fraxinus pennsylvanica (.56)*, Fraxinus profunda (.51)*
8According to USDA Forest Service, Forest Product Laboratory, Wood Handbook page 2-8, Soft maple includes silver maple (Acer saccharinum) (.47)*, red maple (A. rubrum) (.54)*, bigleaf maple (A.macrophyllum) (.48)*, and boxelder (A. negundo) (.45)** Specific Gravity resources:
* Wood Handbook page 5-5
** Forest Product Laboratory Techsheet
9According to the Southern Pine Inspection Bureau (SPIB) the four main subspecies that make up the SYP category are: Longleaf, Shortleaf, Loblolly and Slash pines. The SYP mix setting (.56) was determined by taking the average of Longleaf (.59)*, Shortleaf (.51)*, Loblolly (.51)* and Slash pines (.59)* Specific Gravity resources: * Wood Handbook page 5-7 & page 5-8
10 Forest Products Laboratory Techsheets Calculated from Green MC values by Wagner applying an acceptable volumetric shrinkage approximation per USDA GTR FPL-GTL-76
11 According to Forest Products Laboratory Techsheets Guatambu grown in *Brazil has a higher specific gravity then for **Argentinean material. *Guatambu (Brazil) (Balfourodendron riedelianum)(.79) Calculated from Green MC values by Wagner. **Guatambu (Argentinean) (Balfourodendron riedelianum)(.70) Calculated from Green MC values by Wagner.
12Forest Products Laboratory Techsheets Calculated from Dry (0%) MC values by Wagner applying an acceptable volumetric shrinkage approximation per USDA GTR FPL-GTL-76
13WoodWorkersSource Wood Library Calculated from Dry (0%) MC values by Wagner applying an acceptable volumetric shrinkage approximation per USDA GTR FPL-GTL-76
14WoodWorkersSource Wood Library Calculated from Green MC values by Wagner applying an acceptable volumetric shrinkage approximation per USDA GTR FPL-GTL-76
15WoodWorkersSource Wood Library Calculated from Dry (0%) MC values by Wagner
16The Wood Database Calculated from Green MC values by Wagner
17The Wood Database Calculated from Green MC values by Wagner applying an acceptable volumetric shrinkage approximation per USDA GTR FPL-GTL-76
18Tropicaltimber Calculated from Green MC values by Wagner applying an acceptable volumetric shrinkage approximation per USDA GTR FPL-GTL-76
19According to Forest Products Laboratory Techsheets Goncalo Alves grown in *Honduras and Venezuela has a higher specific gravity then for **Brazil and Colombia material. *Goncalo Alves (Honduras and Venezuela) (Astronium graveolens)(.89) Calculated from Green MC values by Wagner. **Goncalo Alves (Brazil and Colombian) (Astronium graveolens)(.80) Calculated from Green MC values by Wagner.
 
 
* Legal disclaimer:

Wagner has compiled species’ average specific gravity (SG) values (wood volume at 12% moisture content (MC) and oven-dry weight) from industry-accepted 3rd-party sources (USDA Forest Products Laboratory as an example) and provides this list for free with no implied warranty. Where an SG value listed in Wagner Meters’ manuals or website has been verified by Wagner, this is indicated as such, and not indicated as verified if a verification process has not been completed by Wagner for that species. Wagner is not responsible for any 3rd-party oversights or errors in their (the 3rd-parties) published SG values.

Where no published average SG value could be found for a species for the wood volume at 12% MC and oven-dry weight basis, Wagner has derived the proper SG value through a robust algorithm (see detailed explanation below under the heading ‘Specific Gravity (SG) Values of Wood and Their Referenced Moisture Content’).
 


 
Specific Gravity (SG) Values of Wood and Their Referenced Moisture Content

 

Wagner Meters’ moisture meters’ species settings are calibrated to wood samples that are at a nominal 12% moisture content (MC). It should also be recognized that the measurement accuracy of non-pin wood moisture meters is almost solely dependent on wood density; that is because wood species that have differing wood density but the same absolute amount of water will have different MC values because the definition of MC is the ratio of water weight to wood weight. Some online and other technical references that cite specific gravity (SG) values for different wood species list the SG when the wood is a different MC other than 12%. For example, some SG values listed are the values when the wood is dried all the way down to where the MC is actually zero. Other listed values are when the wood is “green” at perhaps 80% MC or even higher.

The reason that it matters what the MC was when the SG was determined is that the volume of a wood sample will shrink when it is dried down from high MC values to lower MC values. So as the volume of the wood sample shrinks, the density (SG) of the wood increases because the formula for the wood density is the weight of the wood sample divided by the volume of the wood sample, or more simply the ratio of the weight of the wood to its volume. As the weight stays the same during shrinkage, the volume decreases. Online and other references will not only provide SG values at some specific MC but also their “shrinkage ratio”. The shrinkage ratio is defined to be the percent of the volume of the wood that shrinks per decrease in MC value. For instance, one might see a 2% shrinkage ratio which means that for every 1% drop in MC the wood will shrink by 2% of its volume.

Wagner chose to calibrate its meters at a nominal 12% MC because this is close to where most wood will be in service and will be measured by our meters. Therefore we publish SG values for wood species to be used by our meters that correlate to a 12% MC value. Since online and other references publish SG values at sometimes 0% MC or “green” MC, you will often see different values online than what we publish. We correct these published values by applying correction factors based on MC at referenced SG values and shrinkage ratio published values. It should be noted that a wood sample will not begin shrinking significantly until the MC drops below fiber saturation point, which is generally between 28% and 32%, so we use 30% as the average fiber saturation point.

As an example, let’s say we have a published SG value of 0.50 referenced to 0% MC with a shrinkage ratio of 0.1% of volume per percent MC. We want to convert to an SG value referenced to 12% MC. A sample at 12 % MC will be 1.2% larger in volume (swells 12 * 0.1%). Since 0.50 equals the weight of the sample divided by volume, we now know the volume will actually be 1.2% larger, so the SG should be adjusted by a factor of 1 divided by (1 + 1.2%) or 1 divided by (1.012) = 0.50/1.012 = 0.49). So, in this specific case, the 12 % MC referenced SG value will be slightly less than the published value referenced at 0% MC.