If a species is not footnoted with a number (1-18), then the specific gravity for that species has not been verified by Wagner. In most cases, with unverified species, these species have the same botanical name as the verified version but just a different common name. Many species (botanical name) in the world have many different common names. The footnote descriptions are shown at the bottom of the page.*
Wood Species Types in Alphabetical Order
To obtain the most accurate moisture content measurements with your Wagner moisture meter, you must set the meter for the correct species settings value for the species you are going to measure. For our customers' convenience, we have calibrated our meter's species settings in terms of specific gravity.*
For those instances where you need to measure moisture in a wood species that is not shown in your User’s Manual, Wagner has compiled this extensive database of wood species with their associated specific gravity values.
The sources for our database include the United States Department of Agriculture, Forest Products Laboratory.
The published specific gravity values are the average for each species. There can and will be some variability of the specific gravity (density) within any species of wood, but the average specific gravity value (again, from the most valid published sources) will provide the best settings for your Wagner moisture meter.
Common Name | Botanical Name | Specific Gravity | Verified |
---|---|---|---|
E. African black camphorwood | Ocotea comoriensis | 0.51 | |
Eas | Excoecaria agallocha | 0.42 | |
East African afzelia | Afzelia quanzensis | 0.62 | |
East African cypress | Cupressus sempervirens | 0.42 | |
Khaya nyassica | 0.44 | ||
East African Olive | Olea hochstetteri | 0.81 | 10 |
East African silky oak | Grevillea robusta | 0.54 | |
Larix laricina | 0.53 | ||
East indian ebony | Diospyros ebenaster | 0.61 | 4 |
Diospyros ebenum | 0.94 | ||
East Indian ebony | Diospyros inclusa | 0.70 | 14 |
East Indian ebony | Diospyros melanoxylon | 0.67 | |
East Indian ebony | Diospyros mindanaensis | 0.78 | 14 |
East Indian ebony | Diospyros pyrrhocarpa | 0.69 | 14 |
Pterocarpus indicus | 0.57 | ||
East Indian satinwood | Chloroxylon swietenia | 0.88 | |
East London boxwood | Gonioma kamassi | 0.85 | |
Thuja occidentalis | 0.31 | ||
Juglans nigra | 0.55 | ||
Larix laricina | 0.53 | ||
Eastern Canadian Spruce | Picea glauca | 0.36 | 3 |
Eastern cedar | Thuja occidentalis | 0.31 | |
Eastern cottonwood | Populus deltoides | 0.40 | 1 |
Abies balsamea | 0.35 | ||
Eastern hemlock | Tsuga canadensis | 0.40 | 1 |
Eastern hophornbeam | Ostrya virginiana | 0.70 | 3 |
Larix laricina | 0.53 | ||
Populus deltoides | 0.40 | ||
Eastern redcedar | Juniperus virginiana | 0.47 | 1 |
Eastern Spruce | Picea glauca | 0.36 | 3 |
Picea mariana | 0.42 | ||
Picea rubens | 0.40 | ||
Juglans nigra | 0.55 | ||
Thuja occidentalis | 0.31 | ||
Eastern White Pine | Pinus strobus | 0.35 | 1 |
Thuja occidentalis | 0.31 | ||
Prioria copaifera | 0.42 | ||
Eba | Lophira alata | 0.94 | |
Eba | Mitragyna stipulosa | 0.53 | |
Ebano verde | Tabebuia serratifolia | 0.99 | 4 |
Diospyros ebenum | 0.94 | ||
Ebar | Mitragyna stipulosa | 0.53 | |
Ebba | Lophira alata | 0.94 | |
Ebe | Cordia platythyrsa | 0.39 | |
Eben | Mitragyna ciliata | 0.52 | |
Eben | Mitragyna stipulosa | 0.53 | |
Tabebuia serratifolia | 0.99 | ||
Ebene vert | Tabebuia serratifolia | 0.99 | 4 |
Tabebuia serratifolia | 0.99 | ||
Pterocarpus soyauxii | 0.64 | ||
Ebi | Terminalia ivorensis | 0.54 | |
Ebiara | Berlinia acuminata | 0.64 | |
Ebo | Dipteryx odorata | 0.82 | |
Pometia pinnata | 0.60 | ||
Ebone plaqueminier | Diospyros ebenaster | 0.61 | 4 |
Diospyros ebenum | 0.94 | ||
Ebony persimmon | Diospyros ebenaster | 0.61 | 4 |
Diospyros ebenum | .94 | ||
Ebony persimmon | Diospyros inclusa | 0.70 | 14 |
Ebony persimmon | Diospyros melanoxylon | 0.67 | |
Ebony persimmon | Diospyros mindanaensis | 0.78 | 14 |
Ebony persimmon | Diospyros pyrrhocarpa | 0.69 | 14 |
Ebornzork | Mammea africana | 0.69 | |
Tabebuia serratifolia | 0.99 | ||
Echites mahagoni | Swietenia mahagoni | 0.57 | |
Ecuador laurel | Cordia alliodora | 0.51 | |
Edel | Mangifera indica | 0.53 | |
Castanea sativa | 0.51 | ||
Edinam | Tieghemella heckelii | 0.60 | |
Terminalia superba | 0.40 | ||
Edumoi | Tieghemella heckelii | 0.60 | |
Prunus serotina | 0.50 | ||
Efok | Pterygota bequaertii | 0.53 | |
Efremeli | Terminalia ivorensis | 0.54 | |
Egbesu | Musanga cecropioides | 0.23 | |
Terminalia superba | 0.40 | ||
Egeun | Musanga cecropioides | 0.23 | |
Egg fruit | Pouteria pomifera | 0.84 | |
Eghoinmebbi | Terminalia ivorensis | 0.54 | |
Eghoin-nebi | Terminalia ivorensis | 0.54 | |
Egimamfuk | Musanga cecropioides | 0.23 | |
Triplochiton scleroxylon | 0.32 | ||
Terminalia superba | 0.40 | ||
Terminalia superba | 0.40 | ||
Terminalia superba | 0.40 | ||
Egoyn odan | Terminalia ivorensis | 0.54 | |
Egoyne lukan | Terminalia ivorensis | 0.54 | |
Egoyne nebi | Terminalia ivorensis | 0.54 | |
Egoyne-lukan | Terminalia ivorensis | 0.54 | |
Egoyne-nebi | Terminalia ivorensis | 0.54 | |
Egoyn-odan | Terminalia ivorensis | 0.54 | |
Egui | Musanga cecropioides | 0.23 | |
Eguni | Musanga cecropioides | 0.23 | |
Egunli | Musanga cecropioides | 0.23 | |
Eh | Intsia bijuga | 0.65 | |
Ehie | Guibourtia ehie | 0.71 | 4 |
Ehyedua | Daniella thurifera | 0.46 | |
Quercus robur | 0.57 | ||
Quercus robur | 0.57 | ||
Eis | Alnus glutinosa | 0.41 | |
Terminalia superba | 0.40 | ||
Triplochiton scleroxylon | 0.32 | ||
Triplochiton scleroxylon | 0.32 | ||
Ekhimi | Piptadeniastrum africanum | 0.63 | |
Ekhivi | Piptadeniastrum africanum | 0.63 | |
Ekki | Lophira alata | 0.94 | |
Ekom | Poga oleosa | 0.39 | |
Ekomba | Musanga cecropioides | 0.23 | |
Ekombo | Musanga cecropioides | 0.23 | |
Ekop | Staudtia stipitata | 0.79 | |
Ekop evene | Brachystegia laurentii | 0.57 | |
Ekop lele | Brachystegia laurentii | 0.57 | |
Ekop zing | Didelotia brevipaniculata | 0.54 | |
Ekor belangkas | Endospermum macrophyllum | 0.41 | |
Ekoune | Cephalosphaera usambarensis | 0.44 | |
Ekpogi | Berlinia acuminata | 0.64 | |
Elae | Piptadeniastrum africanum | 0.63 | |
Elak | Campnosperma brevipetiolata | 0.33 | |
Elany | Piptadeniastrum africanum | 0.63 | |
Eleba | Lophira alata | 0.94 | |
Elelom | Mitragyna ciliata | 0.52 | |
Elelom n'zame | Mitragyna ciliata | 0.52 | |
Elelome n'zame | Mitragyna ciliata | 0.52 | |
Elelon | Mitragyna ciliata | 0.52 | |
Elilom | Mitragyna stipulosa | 0.53 | |
Pinus Elliottii | 0.59 | ||
Ellongrypho | Peltogyne porphyrocardia | 0.69 | |
Ellongrypho | Peltogyne venosa | 0.69 | |
Elm | Ulmus alata | 0.65 | |
Ulmus americana | 0.50 | ||
Elm | Ulmus campestris | 0.52 | 13 |
Elm | Ulmus crassifolia | 0.62 | |
Elm | Ulmus glabra | 0.53 | |
Elm | Ulmus procera | 0.53 | 13 |
Ulmus rubra | 0.53 | ||
Ulmus thomasii | 0.63 | ||
Elolom | Mitragyna ciliata | 0.52 | |
Elowa | Chlorophora excelsa | 0.70 | |
Els | Alnus glutinosa | 0.41 | |
Elua | Chlorophora excelsa | 0.70 | |
Elui | Chlorophora excelsa | 0.70 | |
Elupa | Bassia latifolia | 0.82 | |
Emang | Chlorophora excelsa | 0.70 | |
Embero | Lovoa trichiliodes | 0.46 | |
Embora | Melia azedarach | 0.51 | |
Amburana cearensis | 0.58 | ||
Emen | Terminalia ivorensis | 0.54 | |
Emeri | Terminalia ivorensis | 0.54 | |
Emeri | Vochysia hondurensis | 0.52 | |
Emery | Vochysia hondurensis | 0.52 | |
Emil | Terminalia ivorensis | 0.54 | |
Emine | Terminalia ivorensis | 0.54 | |
Emola | Oxystigma oxyphyllum | 0.53 | |
Emoli | Oxystigma oxyphyllum | 0.53 | |
Emolo | Oxystigma oxyphyllum | 0.53 | |
Emory | Vochysia hondurensis | 0.52 | |
Empas | Koompassia malaccensis | 0.76 | |
Emri | Terminalia ivorensis | 0.54 | |
Emyu | Poga oleosa | 0.39 | |
Tabebuia serratifolia | 0.99 | ||
Encens rouge | Tetragastris altissima | 0.74 | |
Quercus alba | 0.68 | ||
Quercus bicolor | 0.72 | ||
Quercus coccinea | 0.67 | ||
Quercus macrocarpa | 0.64 | ||
Quercus michauxii | 0.67 | ||
Quercus palustris | 0.63 | ||
Encino | Quercus petraea | 0.65 | |
Quercus stellata | 0.67 | ||
Quercus velutina | 0.61 | ||
Encino | Quercus virginiana | 0.84 | |
Quercus alba | 0.68 | ||
Quercus bicolor | 0.72 | ||
Quercus coccinea | 0.67 | ||
Quercus macrocarpa | 0.64 | ||
Quercus michauxii | 0.67 | ||
Quercus palustris | 0.63 | ||
Encino negro | Quercus petraea | 0.65 | |
Quercus stellata | 0.67 | ||
Quercus velutina | 0.61 | ||
Encino negro | Quercus virginiana | 0.84 | |
Terminalia superba | 0.40 | ||
Endra-endra | Humbertia madagascariensis | 1.18 | |
Endui | Lophira alata | 0.94 | |
Endwi | Lophira alata | 0.94 | |
Eng | Dipterocarpus basilanicus | 0.54 | |
Eng | Dipterocarpus grandiflorus | 0.68 | |
Eng | Dipterocarpus warburgii | 0.53 | |
Turraeanthus africanus | 0.51 | ||
Engelmann spruce | Picea engelmannii | 0.35 | 1 |
Enggaris | Koompassia malaccensis | 0.76 | |
Enggeris | Koompassia malaccensis | 0.76 | |
English ash | Fraxinus excelsior | 0.58 | 14 |
English beech | Fagus sylvatica | 0.67 | 13 |
English birch | Betula sp. | 0.61 | |
English brown oak | Quercus petraea | 0.65 | |
Prunus avium | 0.58 | ||
Castanea dentata | 0.43 | ||
English elm | Ulmus campestris | 0.52 | 13 |
English elm | Ulmus procera | 0.53 | 13 |
English harewood | Acer pseudoplatanus | 0.57 | 13 |
Acer pseudoplatanus | 0.57 | ||
English oak | Quercus petraea | 0.65 | |
English oak | Quercus robur | 0.57 | 16 |
English plane | Platanus hybrida | 0.59 | |
Enoi | Poga oleosa | 0.39 | |
Enoupou | Mitragyna ciliata | 0.52 | |
Entenam | Anisoptera costata | 0.52 | |
Entuyut | Tetramerista glabra | 0.73 | |
Microberlinia brazzavillensis | 0.77 | ||
Enwan | Lophira alata | 0.94 | |
Turraeanthus africanus | 0.51 | ||
Pterocarpus soyauxii | 0.64 | ||
Epepe | Terminalia ivorensis | 0.54 | |
Epi | Cedrela huberi | 0.40 | 4 |
Epi | Cedrela odorata | 0.39 | 4 |
Epi | Cedrela toona | 0.47 | |
Abies grandis | 0.37 | ||
Pterocarpus soyauxii | 0.64 | ||
Epoukou | Mitragyna ciliata | 0.52 | |
Erable | Acer campestre | 0.55 | |
Eran | Piptadeniastrum africanum | 0.63 | |
Ereru | Planchonella euphlebia | 0.89 | |
Erle | Alnus glutinosa | 0.41 | |
Erundu | Piptadeniastrum africanum | 0.63 | |
Prunus serotina | 0.50 | ||
Pterocarpus soyauxii | 0.64 | ||
Esemi | Terminalia amazonia | 0.76 | |
Esemi | Terminalia arjuna | 0.71 | |
Esemi | Terminalia ivorensis | 0.54 | |
Esemi | Terminalia procera | 0.54 | |
Esire | Lophira alata | 0.94 | |
Esore | Lophira alata | 0.94 | |
Espatodea | Spathodea campanulata | 0.25 | |
Espave | Anacardium excelsum | 0.33 | |
Espavel | Anacardium excelsum | 0.33 | |
Espavel amarillo | Anacardium excelsum | 0.33 | |
Espavel rosado | Anacardium excelsum | 0.33 | |
Populus tremuloides | 0.38 | ||
Plathymenia reticulata | 0.56 | ||
Essaben | Berlinia acuminata | 0.64 | |
Essai | Mansonia altissima | 0.55 | |
Essoule | Berlinia acuminata | 0.64 | |
Liquidambar styraciflua | 0.52 | ||
Turraeanthus africanus | 0.51 | ||
Etekele | Drypetes gossweileri | 0.63 | |
Eti-ayip | Mitragyna stipulosa | 0.53 | |
Etu | Irvingia gabonensis | 0.76 | |
Etue | Irvingia gabonensis | 0.76 | |
Eucalyptus | Eucalyptus citriodora | 0.65 | |
Eucalyptus | Eucalyptus grandis | 0.85 | |
Eucalyptus | Eucalyptus obliqua | 0.68 | 14 |
European alder | Alnus glutinosa | 0.41 | |
European ash | Fraxinus excelsior | 0.58 | 14 |
European aspen | Populus tremula | 0.42 | |
European beech | Fagus sylvatica | 0.67 | 13 |
European birch | Betula sp. | 0.61 | |
European boxwood | Buxus sempervirens | 0.83 | 13 |
European cherry | Prunus avium | 0.58 | 13 |
Castanea dentata | 0.43 | ||
European chestnut | Castanea sativa | 0.51 | 13 |
European hornbeam | Carpinus betulus | 0.61 | |
European horse chestnut | Aesculus hippocastanum | 0.39 | |
European larch | Larix decidua | 0.48 | 14 |
European lime | Tilia vulgaris | 0.51 | 13 |
European maple | Acer campestre | 0.55 | |
European maple | Acer platanus | 0.54 | |
Acer pseudoplatanus | 0.57 | ||
European oak | Quercus petraea | 0.65 | |
European oak | Quercus robur | 0.57 | 16 |
European plane | Platanus hybrida | 0.59 | |
European spruce | Picea abies | 0.43 | |
European walnut | Juglans regia | 0.56 | 16 |
Quercus robur | 0.57 | ||
European whitewood | Picea abies | 0.43 | |
European yew | Taxus baccata | 0.63 | 13 |
Fraxinus excelsior | 0.58 | ||
Evergreen chinkapin | Castanopsis acuminatissima | 0.56 | |
Magnolia grandiflora | 0.50 | ||
Ewe | Mitragyna stipulosa | 0.53 | |
Ewe aiye | Morus mesozygia | 0.71 | |
Triplochiton scleroxylon | 0.32 | ||
Eyan | Lovoa trichiliodes | 0.46 | |
Pterocarpus soyauxii | 0.64 |
Footnotes:
* Legal disclaimer:
Wagner has compiled species’ average specific gravity (SG) values (wood volume at 12% moisture content (MC) and oven-dry weight) from industry-accepted 3rd-party sources (USDA Forest Products Laboratory as an example) and provides this list for free with no implied warranty. Where an SG value listed in Wagner Meters’ manuals or website has been verified by Wagner, this is indicated as such, and not indicated as verified if a verification process has not been completed by Wagner for that species. Wagner is not responsible for any 3rd-party oversights or errors in their (the 3rd-parties) published SG values.
Where no published average SG value could be found for a species for the wood volume at 12% MC and oven-dry weight basis, Wagner has derived the proper SG value through a robust algorithm (see detailed explanation below under the heading ‘Specific Gravity (SG) Values of Wood and Their Referenced Moisture Content’).
Specific Gravity (SG) Values of Wood and Their Referenced Moisture Content
Wagner Meters’ moisture meters’ species settings are calibrated to wood samples that are at a nominal 12% moisture content (MC). It should also be recognized that the measurement accuracy of non-pin wood moisture meters is almost solely dependent on wood density; that is because wood species that have differing wood density but the same absolute amount of water will have different MC values because the definition of MC is the ratio of water weight to wood weight. Some online and other technical references that cite specific gravity (SG) values for different wood species list the SG when the wood is a different MC other than 12%. For example, some SG values listed are the values when the wood is dried all the way down to where the MC is actually zero. Other listed values are when the wood is “green” at perhaps 80% MC or even higher.
The reason that it matters what the MC was when the SG was determined is that the volume of a wood sample will shrink when it is dried down from high MC values to lower MC values. So as the volume of the wood sample shrinks, the density (SG) of the wood increases because the formula for the wood density is the weight of the wood sample divided by the volume of the wood sample, or more simply the ratio of the weight of the wood to its volume. As the weight stays the same during shrinkage, the volume decreases. Online and other references will not only provide SG values at some specific MC but also their “shrinkage ratio”. The shrinkage ratio is defined to be the percent of the volume of the wood that shrinks per decrease in MC value. For instance, one might see a 2% shrinkage ratio which means that for every 1% drop in MC the wood will shrink by 2% of its volume.
Wagner chose to calibrate its meters at a nominal 12% MC because this is close to where most wood will be in service and will be measured by our meters. Therefore we publish SG values for wood species to be used by our meters that correlate to a 12% MC value. Since online and other references publish SG values at sometimes 0% MC or “green” MC, you will often see different values online than what we publish. We correct these published values by applying correction factors based on MC at referenced SG values and shrinkage ratio published values. It should be noted that a wood sample will not begin shrinking significantly until the MC drops below fiber saturation point, which is generally between 28% and 32%, so we use 30% as the average fiber saturation point.
As an example, let’s say we have a published SG value of 0.50 referenced to 0% MC with a shrinkage ratio of 0.1% of volume per percent MC. We want to convert to an SG value referenced to 12% MC. A sample at 12 % MC will be 1.2% larger in volume (swells 12 * 0.1%). Since 0.50 equals the weight of the sample divided by volume, we now know the volume will actually be 1.2% larger, so the SG should be adjusted by a factor of 1 divided by (1 + 1.2%) or 1 divided by (1.012) = 0.50/1.012 = 0.49). So, in this specific case, the 12 % MC referenced SG value will be slightly less than the published value referenced at 0% MC.